Database Management System

DBMS (Data Base Management System)

Module 1
Introduction
- Database Management Systems
- Purpose of Database Systems
- Data Abstraction
- Data Models

Object-based Logical Models

- The E-R Model
- The Object-Oriented Model

Record-based Logical Models
- The Relational Model
- The Network Model
- The Hierarchical Model

Physical Data Models
- Instances and Schemes
- Data Independence
- Data Definition Language (DDL)
- Data Manipulation Language (DML)
- Data Control Language (DCL)
- Database Manager
- Database Administrator
- Database Users
- Overall System Structure

Relation Model
- The Relational Model
- Domains, Attributes Tuple and Relation
- Super keys Candidate keys and Primary keys for the Relations

Relational Constraints
- Domain Constraint
- Key Constraint
- Integrity Constraint
- Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations

Relational Algebra
- Basic Set Operation
- Cartesian Product
- Relational Operations

Module 2
DATABASE INTEGRITY AND NORMALISATION
- Objectives
- Relational Database Integrity
- The Keys
- Referential Integrity
- Entity Integrity

- Redundancy and Associated Problems
- Single-Valued Dependencies
- Functional Dependency

Single-Valued Normalisation 66
- The First Normal Form
- The Second Normal Form
- The Third Normal Form
- Boyce Codd Normal Form

- Desirable Properties of Decomposition
- Attribute Preservation
- Lossless-join Decomposition
- Dependency Preservation
- Lack of redundancy

Rules of Data Normalisation
- Eliminate Repeating Groups
- Eliminate Redundant Data
- Eliminate Columns Not Dependent on Key

Module 3
FILE ORGANISATION IN DBMS
- Physical Database Design Issues
- Storage of Database on Hard Disks
- File Organisation and Its Types
- Heap files (Unordered files)
- Sequential File Organisation
- Indexed (Indexed Sequential) File Organisation
- Hashed File Organisation

Types of Indexes
- Index and Tree Structure
- Multi-key File Organisation
- Need for Multiple Access Paths
- Multi-list File Organisation
- Inverted File Organisation
- Importance of File Organisation in Databases

Module 4
THE STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
- What is SQL?
- Data Definition Language
- Data Manipulation Language
- Basic Structure
- The select Clause
- The from Clause
- The Rename Operation
- Tuple Variables
- String Operations
- Ordering the Display of Tuples
- Duplicate Tuples
- Some basic definition and manipulation queries(eg : like , group by
etc…)

- Data Control
- Database Objects: Views, Sequences, Indexes and Synonyms
- Views
- Sequences
- Indexes and Synonyms

Modification of the Database
- Deletion
- Insertion
- Updates
- Update of a view

-  Joined Relations

o Examples
- Join types and conditions

- Table Handling
-Nested Queries

Module 5
TRANSACTIONS AND CONCURRENCY MANAGEMENT
-  The Transactions
-  The Concurrent Transactions
- The Locking Protocol
- Serialisable Schedules
- Locks
- Two Phase Locking (2PL)

- Deadlock and its Prevention
- Optimistic Concurrency Control

DATABASE RECOVERY AND SECURITY
? What is Recovery?
o Kinds of failures
o Failure controlling methods
o Database errors
? Recovery Techniques
? Security & Integrity
o Relationship between Security and Integrity
o Difference between Operating System and Database Security
? Authorisation

DISTRIBUTED AND CLIENT SERVER DATABASES
- Need for Distributed Database Systems
- Structure of Distributed Database
- Advantages and Disadvantages of DDBMS
- Advantages of Data Distribution
- Disadvantages of Data Distribution
- Design of Distributed Databases
- Data Replication
- Data Fragmentation
- Client Server Databases
- Emergence of Client Server Architecture
- Need for Client Server Computing
- Structure of Client Server Systems
- Advantages of Client Server Systems